Cervical Headache

What is it?

A cervical headache is a headache occurring secondary to abnormalities of the joints, muscles or soft tissues of the neck.

What causes it?

The exact mechanisms of the production of the headache from the neck region is unknown, but is thought to be referred to the head from focal abnormalities or by irritation of the nerve and related structures in the neck region.

Who is at risk?

Any athlete or non-athlete may experience cervical headaches. Particular risk factors include:

1.       Previous trauma.

2.       Poor posture.

3.       Stress.

What are the symptoms?

A cervical headache is typically described as a constant, steady, dull ache, usually occurring on one side, but occasionally on both sides of the head. It is often referred from the base of the head to the forehead. The onset of the headache is usually gradual, often present early in the morning, improving during the day. They are often present for days, weeks or even months.

How is it diagnosed?

Consultation with a Sports Physiotherapist is required. A full history and examination is required for the diagnosis. Investigations are necessary only if the headaches fail to settle with treatment, or if the presentation is atypical.

How is it treated?

Treatment of the patient with a cervical headache requires correction of the abnormalities in the neck with a combination of physiotherapy, massage and stretching (including nerve stretches). Anti-inflammatory medication may be required in the early stages. Acupuncture may also be helpful to relieve muscle tightness. Correction of posture and stress reduction may also be required.

Brukner & Khan (2012) Clinical Sports Medicine.